Ungcoliseko lwenkcubeko yeeseli lula ukuba yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kwiilebhu zenkcubeko yeeseli, ngamanye amaxesha kubangele iziphumo ezibi kakhulu.Ungcoliseko lwenkcubeko yeeseli lunokwahlulwa lube ngamacandelo amabini, ungcoliseko lweekhemikhali ezifana nokungcola okuphakathi, i-serum kunye namanzi, i-endotoxins, i-plasticizers kunye ne-detergents, kunye neengcoliseko zebhayoloji ezifana neebhaktheriya, i-molds, i-yeasts, i-virus, i-mycoplasmas cross infections.Ingcoliswe zezinye iiseli zeeseli.Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ungcoliseko, ukuphindaphindeka kwayo kunye nokuqina kwayo kunokuncitshiswa ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo umthombo wayo kunye nokulandela iindlela ezilungileyo ze-aseptic.
1.Eli candelo lichaza iindidi eziphambili zongcoliseko lwebhayoloji:
Usulelo lwebhaktheriya
Usulelo lokungunda kunye nentsholongwane
Usulelo lweMycoplasma
Usulelo lwegwele
1.1Usulelo lwebhaktiriya
Iintsholongwane liqela elikhulu leemicroorganisms ezineseli enye.Zidla ngokuba ziimicrons ezimbalwa ububanzi kwaye zinokuvela kwiimilo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwingqukuva ukuya kwi rods nakwi spirals.Ngenxa yobuninzi bazo, ubungakanani, kunye nesantya sokukhula ngokukhawuleza, iibhaktheriya, kunye negwele kunye nokungunda, zezona zingcoliseko zebhayoloji kwinkcubeko yeeseli.
1.1.1 Ukufunyaniswa kosulelo lweBhaktheriya
Ungcoliseko lwebhaktiriya lufunyaniswa ngokulula ngokujongwa ngokubonakalayo kwenkcubeko phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa zosulelo;
Iinkcubeko ezosulelekileyo zidla ngokubonakala zinamafu (okt, i-turbid), ngamanye amaxesha kunye nefilimu ebhityileyo kumphezulu.
Ukuhla ngesiquphe kwe-pH yesikhulumi senkcubeko nako kudibana rhoqo.
Ngaphantsi kwe-microscope yamandla aphantsi, iibhaktheriya zibonakala zincinci, iigranules ezihambayo phakathi kweeseli, kwaye ukujonga phantsi kwe-microscope yamandla aphezulu kunokusombulula iimilo zebhaktheriya nganye.
1.2Usulelo lokungunda kunye neNtsholongwane
1.2.1 Usulelo lokungunda
Umngundo ziintsholongwane ze-eukaryotic zobukumkani bokungunda ezikhula ngendlela yeefilaments ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba yihyphae.Uthungelwano oludityanisiweyo lwale micu mininzi iqulethe iinuclei ezifanayo ngokwemfuza ezibizwa ngokuba ngamakholoni okanye i-mycelium.
Ngokufana nokungcoliseka kwegwele, i-pH yenkcubeko ihlala izinzile ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala sosulelo kwaye inyuke ngokukhawuleza njengoko inkcubeko isosuleleka kakhulu kwaye isiba namafu.Ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, i-mycelium idla ngokuba yi-filamentous, ngamanye amaxesha njengamaqoqo ashinyeneyo e-spores.Iimbewu zokubumba ezininzi zinokuphila kwindawo enzima kakhulu kwaye engathandekiyo ngexesha lesigaba sazo sokulala kwaye zisebenza kuphela xa iimeko zokukhula ezifanelekileyo zidibene.
1.2.2 Usulelo lweNtsholongwane
Iintsholongwane ziintsholongwane ezosulelayo ezithatha indawo yomatshini wokuzala.Ubungakanani babo buncinci kakhulu bubenza kube nzima ukubonwa kwinkcubeko kunye nokususa kwizinto ezisetyenziswa kwiilebhu zenkcubeko yeeseli.Kuba uninzi lweentsholongwane zineemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu kubamkeli bazo, bahlala bengachaphazeli kakubi iinkcubeko zeeseli zeentlobo ngaphandle kwenginginya.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweeseli ezosulelwe yintsholongwane kunokubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yabasebenzi baselabhoratri, ngakumbi ukuba iiseli zomntu okanye zeprimate zikhuliswe elabhoratri.
Usulelo lwentsholongwane kwiinkcubeko zeeseli lunokubonwa nge-electron microscopy, i-immunostaining kunye neseti ye-antibodies, i-ELISA, okanye i-PCR enezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zentsholongwane.
1.3Usulelo lweMycoplasma
I-Mycoplasmas ziibhaktheriya ezilula ezingenazo iindonga zeseli, kwaye zicingelwa ukuba zezona zincinci ziphilayo eziziphindaphindayo.Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncinci kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo bungaphantsi kwe-1 micron), i-mycoplasma kunzima ukuyibhaqa de ifikelele ekuxinaniseni okuphezulu kakhulu kwaye ibangele iinkcubeko zeeseli ukuba zibe zibi;Kude kube ngoko, ngokuqhelekileyo akukho phawu lucacileyo losulelo.
1.3.1 Ukufunyanwa kosulelo lwe-mycoplasma
Ezinye i-mycoplasmas ezikhula ngokucothayo zinokuqhubeka kwiinkcubeko ngaphandle kokubangela ukufa kweeseli, kodwa ziguqula indlela yokuziphatha kunye nemetabolism yeeseli ezibamba kwiinkcubeko.
Usulelo lwe-mycoplasma olungapheliyo lunokubonakaliswa ngokunciphisa izinga lokunyuka kweeseli, ukunciphisa ukuxinwa kwe-saturation kunye ne-agglutination kwinkcubeko yokumiswa.
Nangona kunjalo, indlela yodwa ethembekileyo yokubona ukungcola kwe-mycoplasma kukuvavanya inkcubeko rhoqo usebenzisa i-fluorescent staining (umzekelo, i-Hoechst 33258), i-ELISA, i-PCR, i-immunostaining, i-autoradiography, okanye uvavanyo lwe-microbial.
1.4 Usulelo lwegwele
I-Yeasts yi-eukaryotes eneseli enye yobukumkani befungal, ukusuka kubukhulu ukusuka kwi-microns ezimbalwa (ngokuqhelekileyo) ukuya kwi-40 microns (ngokungaqhelekanga).
1.4.1 Ukufunyanwa kongcoliseko lwegwele
Njengosuleleko lwebhaktiriya, iinkcubeko ezosulelwe yigwele zinokusiba namafu, ngakumbi ukuba usulelo lukwinqanaba eliphezulu.I-pH yeenkcubeko ezingcoliswe ligwele itshintsha kancinane kakhulu de ungcoliseko lube luqilima, ngelo xesha i-pH idla ngokunyuka.Ngaphantsi kwe-microscope, igwele libonakala njenge-ovoid nganye okanye i-spherical particles kwaye inokuvelisa amasuntswana amancinci.
2.Usulelo olunqamlezileyo
Nangona kungaqhelekanga njengokungcoliswa kwe-microbial, ukungcola okubanzi kweeseli ezininzi kunye ne-HeLa kunye nezinye iiseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza yingxaki echazwe ngokucacileyo enemiphumo emibi.Fumana imigca yeeseli kwiibhanki zeeseli ezithembekileyo, khangela rhoqo iimpawu zemigca yeseli, kwaye usebenzise ubuchule obuhle be-aseptic.Ezi zenzo ziya kukunceda uphephe ukungcoliseka.Ukuprintwa kweminwe ye-DNA, i-karyotyping kunye ne-isotyping inokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo kwinkcubeko yakho yeseli.
Nangona kungaqhelekanga njengokungcoliswa kwe-microbial, ukungcola okubanzi kweeseli ezininzi kunye ne-HeLa kunye nezinye iiseli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza yingxaki echazwe ngokucacileyo enemiphumo emibi.Fumana imigca yeeseli kwiibhanki zeeseli ezithembekileyo, khangela rhoqo iimpawu zemigca yeseli, kwaye usebenzise ubuchule obuhle be-aseptic.Ezi zenzo ziya kukunceda uphephe ukungcoliseka.Ukuprintwa kweminwe ye-DNA, i-karyotyping kunye ne-isotyping inokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo kwinkcubeko yakho yeseli.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-01-2023